AI tools like ChatGPT are increasingly used across the legal system by both experts and novices aiming to build compelling cases. However, AI has led to issues such as fabricated case names and incorrect citations, exemplified by notable incidents including a top law firm’s apology for fake references and multiple barristers submitting fictitious legal citations. Recent research highlights that AI involvement is pushing up the number of cases handled by U.S. federal courts, with pro se filings rising from 11% to 18% and AI-generated text appearing in about 18% of legal complaints by early 2026. This surge is particularly notable in simpler case types, suggesting AI helps individuals file cases they previously wouldn’t attempt. Despite courts managing increased workloads so far, the amount of back-and-forth filings is up 158%, straining judges. Experts warn urgent rules and norms are needed to manage AI’s role in legal proceedings to prevent system slowdowns. At the same time, AI is making legal processes more accessible by demystifying complex procedures for many users.
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